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J. Infertil. Reprod. Biol. Volume 8, Issue 4, 2020
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| Environmental Pollution: a Risk Factor for Female Fertility-A Letter to Editor
Journal of Infertility and reproductive Biology, 2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 66-67, | Full Text in PDF | Full Text in HTML
Azam Soleimani
Kazerun Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
Abstract Experimental data indicate that exposure to environmental pollution can lead to serious complications on the female reproductive system. Environmental pollution appears to affect reproductive success and outcomes by endocrine disruption and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this letter to editor is to elucidate the impact of exposures to environmental pollutants on female reproductive health and outcomes. There is a need to increase the awareness among women to avoid exposure to the reproductive risk factors.
Keywords: Environmental pollution, Female, Fertility
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Determination of the Ovulation Time in the Laboratory Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Journal of Infertility and reproductive Biology, 2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 68-72, | Full Text in PDF | Full Text in HTML
Joy Iyojo Itodo1*, Agnes Ifeoma Nwannenna2, John Shiradiyi Bugau2, Kenneth Owoicho Abah3, Danjuma Friday Audu4, Grace Imaben Opaluwa-Kuzayed4, Simon Azubuike Ubah3, Mohammed Babashani5, Kuje, Althea Agbi2 1 Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa, Nigeria 2 Department of Theriogenology and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna Nigeria 3 Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, F.C.T. Nigeria 4 Department of Theriogenology and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria 5 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna Nigeria
Abstract The rat has been elected as the main animal model in different studies involving reproduction. However, there are scarce and conflicting data related to its estrous cycle. The aim of the experiment was to determine the time of ovulation in the primiparous laboratory rats (Rattus Norvegicus) by counting the number of graafian follicles present in the ovary at the time of oestrus, determining the percentage of these follicles that eventually ovulate and determining the 'spread' of ovulation during the oestrus period. Fifty (50) albino laboratory rats were observed in oestrus with the help of males to determine the time the female first stood to be mounted. This time was considered the onset of oestrus and used as a landmark for timing of oestrus period. From this onset of oestrus, the period was divided into 10 x 1-hour intervals into which the female rats were grouped. Each hour interval had five rat members. Ovaries of rats harvested at the end of their group-hour intervals were studied histologically, for functional structures. Observed structures were counted for the calculation of ovulation rates. All oestrus rats had far shorter periods, the ovulation in this study were found to be widespread from the onset to the tenth hour peaking maximally at the sixth and seventh hour of oestrous. Follicular activity was found to be more in the left ovaries while ovulatory activity was more in the right ovaries. It was concluded that rats presented far shorter oestrus periods and all ovulations in the albino rats used in our laboratory occurred at the onset of oestrus and that the mechanism responsible for the first "stance for mounting" is responsible for the ovulation and that ovulation is induced in these rats. Experimental data indicate that exposure to environmental pollution can lead to serious complications on the female reproductive system. Environmental pollution appears to affect reproductive success and outcomes by endocrine disruption and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this letter to editor is to elucidate the impact of exposures to environmental pollutants on female reproductive health and outcomes. There is a need to increase the awareness among women to avoid exposure to the reproductive risk factors.
Keywords: Corpora lutea, Histology, Rats, Estrous, Ovulation
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tetrad of Hormonal and Biochemical Manifestations in Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Journal of Infertility and reproductive Biology, 2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 73-83, | Full Text in PDF | Full Text in HTML Sonal Agarwal*, Deepika Krishna, Gautham Praneesh, Kamini Rao Milann Fertility Centre, Bengaluru, India
Abstract A prospective observational case- control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship and prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperprolactenemia, impaired glucose metabolism and hyperhomocysteinemia as components of hormonal/biochemical manifestation tetrad amongst four phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with respect to controls. 200 women diagnosed as PCOS as per the ESHRE/ASRM Rotterdam criteria were taken as cases (group I) and 200 as controls (group II).All women recruited came for subfertility treatment to assure homogeneity in study population. Group I was further divided into four phenotypes.Records of demographic (age, BMI, duration of infertility), biochemical(homocysteine,fasting blood sugar,HBA1C)and hormonal (thyroid profile and prolactin)parameters of patients were taken. Both groups were comparable in age, ethnicity and marital status. Percentages of phenotypes A,B,C and D in our Indian population were 25.5%,16%,35.5% and 23 % respectively. BMI was significantly more in PCOS as compared to non-PCOS with highest mean in phenotype B subgroup. All parameters measured were significantly increased in PCOS group compared with non-PCOS group with prolactin levels similar in all phenotypes. Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes incidence was more in phenotype C and D. Hypothyroidism and hyperhomocystenemia were higher in phenotypes B and C. Phenotypes are affected by hormonal and biochemical manifestations and if followed for long term may be associated with metabolic syndrome in future. Thus non classical phenotypes should also be properly monitored and treated as this hormonal imbalance and biochemical derangements add to the brunt of management of PCOS.
Keywords: Hyperhomocysteinemia , Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothyroidism, Impaired glucose metabolism ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Menstrual Period and Anthropometric Characteristics of Women with Secondary Infertility and Age Matched Control Journal of Infertility and reproductive Biology, 2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 84-89, | Full Text in PDF | Full Text in HTML Adesola Ojo Ojoawo1*, Olamide Oladoyin Bamidele1, Stephen Olumide Akinsomisoye2, Babalola Adebanjo Adeyemi3 1 Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria 3 Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
Abstract The study investigated the anthropometric characteristics and menstrual cycle of women with secondary infertility and compared these with an aged matched control. Seventy six participants (38 women with secondary infertility and 38 aged matched fertile women participated in the study. The anthropometric parameters of weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), wrist circumference (WrC) and neck circumference (NC) were measured using standard protocol. Data was analyzed using IBM 23, descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at 0.05. There was a significant difference in the body mass index of the women with secondary infertility and the control group (t = 4.642, p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the waist-to-hip ratio (t = 3.496, p < 0.05) and waist to height ratio (t = 4.292, p< 0.05) of women with secondary infertility and the control group. There was also a significant difference in the average menstrual cycle length (t = 2.702, p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between fertility and each of the anthropometric variables (p<0.05) except hip circumference. Those variables have a prediction of 54.8% and a predictive equation Y = 3.956 (Height) + 0.005(WC) +0.012 (NC) -0.216 (WrC) – 0.018 (Weight) – 1.076 was obtained. Women with secondary infertility carry more adiposity which contribute more that 50 % to the prediction of fertility and their menstrual cycle is longer than their fertile counterpart.
Keywords: Infertility, Body Mass Index, Waist circumference, Neck circumference, Menstrual period ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- L-Arginine, Quercetin and Their Combination on Testicular Function and Sexual Behaviors in Rats Journal of Infertility and reproductive Biology, 2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 90-98, | Full Text in PDF | Full Text in HTML Johnson Olawumi Feyisike1*, Oyewopo Adeoye Oyetunji1, Adeleke Opeyemi Samson2, Akingbade Olabanji3 1 Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 2 Department of Anatomy, Osun state University, Osogbo, Nigeria 3 Department of Anatomy, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Abstract L-arginine is the substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in biologic system. NO, being a free radical may induce some cytotoxic cascades related to impaired spermatogenesis. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of L-arginine, quercetin and their combination on the histology of the testes, oxidative stress biomarkers, hormones, sperm parameters and sexual behaviors in rats. 35 adult male rats divided into seven groups were used. A (Control), B (Sildenafil treated, 1.4mg/kg/day), C (L-arginine treated, 30 mg/kg/day), D (L-arginine treated, 100 mg/kg/day), E (Quercetin treated, 10 mg/kg /day), F (L-arginine, 30 mg/kg/day and Quercetin, 10 mg/kg/day) co-administrated, G (L-arginine, 100 mg/kg/day and Quercetin, 10 mg/kg/day) co-administrated. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and the histology of the testes, oxidative stress biomarkers, hormonal assay, sperm parameters and some sexual behaviors were done. The results obtained from the study showed that L-arginine has a relatively adverse effect on spermatogenesis which was improved by co-administration with Quercetin. The findings from this study suggests that synergism between L arginine and Quercetin can improve spermatogenesis as well as sexual behaviors in rats.
Keywords: Antioxidants, Arginine, Nitric oxide, Quercetin, Spermatogenesis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Antifertility Potential of Isoniazid and Rifampicin in Adult Female Wistar Rats Journal of Infertility and reproductive Biology, 2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 99-105, | Full Text in PDF | Full Text in HTML Vitalis Chukwuma Ezeuko*, Jacob Ehiagwina Ataman Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of INH and RIF on the reproductive functions of adult female Wistar rats. Twenty-eight adult female Wistar rats weighing between 160 g and 170 g were divided into four groups. Group A served as the control. Group B was given 5 mg/kg body weight of INH. Group C animals was given 10 mg/kg body weight of RIF. Group D animals received a combination of 5 mg/kg body weight of INH and 10 mg/kg body weight of RIF. Duration of treatment was 90 days and via oral route. Histological findings showed that INH and RIF caused histopathologic changes in the ovary and uterus. Compared with the control, the ovarian SOD was significantly elevated in all the treated groups. Ovarian MDA, CAT and GPx activities were significantly elevated in INH-only treated group. FSH was significantly elevated in RIF-only and INH and RIF co-treated groups. LH was significantly elevated in all the groups. Progesterone level was significantly reduced in INH-only and INH and RIF co-treated groups. Estradiol level was significantly elevated in RIF-only and INH and RIF co-treated groups. Testosterone level was significantly elevated in INH-only treated group. Prolactin level was significantly reduced in all the groups while testosterone:estradiol ratio was significantly elevated in INH-only treated group but significantly reduced in INH and RIF co-treated group. In conclusion, administration of INH and RIF caused toxicity in the female reproductive system.
Keywords: Antitubercular agents, Rifampin, Isoniazid, Female, Reproductive health ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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